This manuscript focuses on the analysis of a critical height of radio altimeters that can help for\nthe development of new types of aeronautical radio altimeters with increased accuracy in measuring\nlow altitudes. Altitude measurement accuracy is connected with a form of processing the difference\nsignal of a radio altimeter, which carries information on the measured altitude. The definition of\nthe altitude measurement accuracy is closely linked to the value of a critical height. Modern radio\naltimeters with digital processing of a difference signal could shift the limit of accuracy towards better\nvalues when the basics of the determination of critical height are thoroughly known. The theory\nresults from the analysis and simulation of dynamic formation and the dissolution of the so-called\nstable and unstable height pulses, which define the range of the critical height and are presented\nin the paper. The theory is supported by a new method of derivation of the basic equation of a\nradio altimeter based on a critical height. The article supports the new theory of radio altimeters\nwith the ultra-wide frequency deviation that lead to the increase the accuracy of a low altitude\nmeasurement. Complex mathematical analysis of the dynamic formation of critical height and a\ncomputer simulation of its course supported by the new form of the derivation of the basic equation\nof radio altimeter guarantee the correctness of the new findings of the systematic creation of unstable\nheight pulses and the influence of their number on the altitude measurement accuracy. Application\nof the presented findings to the aviation practice will contribute to increasing the accuracy of the low\naltitude measurement from an aircraft during its landing and to increasing air traffic safety.
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